TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: The introduction of inhibitors of TNF-alpha for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or inflammatory bowel disease, has a significant impact on the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and NTM infections since TNF-alpha plays an important role in the human host defense mechanisms in containing mycobacterial infections [1].