Of note, both AMPK and PPARγ could be regulated by adiponectin receptor-mediated signalling [56,57], and adiponectin induction decreased TNF-α-induced LOX-1 expression [58], which suggested AMPK-PPARγ signalling feedback might protect endothelial cells against atherosclerosis through adjusting cellular oxidative stress stimulated by ox-LDL/LOX-1 axis. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.