In the study of Adly et al. [87], PAI-1 levels in children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes were determined and relation between PAI-1 levels and some risk factors such as glycemic control, microvascular complications, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) for the development of atherosclerosis was investigated. This evidence concerns the gene SERPINE1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.