TF and neoplasm: Tumor cells express TF, and cancer microvesicle-barring TF trigger the coagulation cascade associated with high risk for thrombotic events.21,36 In addition, chemotherapy leads to platelet activation and generation of microparticles, associated with increased risk of thrombosis.12 Additional triggers, such as complement cascade proteins13 or coagulation-related thrombin expression,11 as well as states of hypoxia, irradiation, oxidative injury, or shear stress, increase the number of procoagulant EVs shed by malignant and non-malignant cells.