HPSE and cancer: These include carcinomas of the colon,44,45 thyroid,46 liver,47 pancreas,48,49 bladder,50,51 cervix,52 breast,53 gastric,54,55 prostate,56 head and neck,57,58 as well as multiple myeloma,59 leukemia, and lymphoma.60 Although increased heparanase antigen level in biopsies of cancer patients was previously demonstrated, we evaluated, for the first time, the heparanase procoagulant activity in the plasma of patients with lung cancer.38 Sixty-five patients with non-small cell lung cancer at presentation and 20 controls were recruited.