Within this universe of complexity the simple discriminator arginase versus NOS expression has not only remained valid to explain how a mammalian organism deals with wounding (which is important enough in itself) but also has demonstrated enormous power to better explain and understand such diverse problems as cancer control versus cancer-induced immunosuppression, autoimmune pathology versus preservation of tolerance to self, infection control versus chronicity or death due to infection as well as tissue healing versus exaggerated fibrosis. The gene discussed is NOS2; the disease is infection.