Consistent with the CRF hypothesis of depression, some studies have shown that depressive patients exhibit high levels of CRF in the cerebrospinal fluid (Nemeroff et al., 1984), increased number of CRF expressing neurons in the PVN, elevated expression of CRF mRNA in the same neurons and reduced CRF receptor density (Banki et al., 1987; Raadsheer et al., 1994; Merali et al., 2004). The gene discussed is CRH; the disease is major depressive disorder.