TLR9 and systemic lupus erythematosus: We found a significant (P <0.05) inverse correlation between the serum anti-dsDNA titers and amounts of IL-1ra, IL-6, IL-9, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, -1β, TNF-α, and VEGF produced by TLR9-activated B cells from SLE patients (Figure 5).