Similar correlations have been demonstrated by Lee et al (31), who studied serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels in a group of 44 patients with ICC, 82 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and a control group of 40 patients without neoplastic lesions of the cervix. Here, IGFBP3 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.