These preclinical studies indicate that TGFβ1 and VEGF are key players in the development of both peritoneal fibrosis and EPS [16], [19], [21]–[24], [43] and that CCN2 expression in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and peritoneal fibroblasts could be induced by exposing these cells to PD solutions, glucose, glucose degradation products, and advanced glycation end products [36], [37]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Peritoneal Fibrosis.