Intradermal infection with vN1.WT, vΔN1 or viruses with single amino acid mutations in the N1 protein did not affect virus replication in vivo early (2 days) p.i. (see Supporting information, Fig. S1), as noted earlier for vN1.WT, vΔN1 or revertant viruses.29 To investigate if blocking NF-κB or apoptosis affected virus immunogenicity, mice were immunized i.d. with these viruses to mimic dermal vaccination and splenic T cells were analysed 1 month thereafter. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.