Given that skeletal muscle is the largest mass of insulin-sensitive tissue and the predominant reservoir for glucose disposal, there is a need to develop, evaluate and disseminate approaches that are safe and effective for optimizing muscle mass as well as glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic related risk factors in people with this disease, particularly older adults with type 2 diabetes who experience an accelerated loss in muscle mass with age [55]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.