ATG12 and ovarian carcinoma: ATG5 is involved in the elongation of double membrane in autophagosome, and beclin-1 is required for the initiation of autophagy.19 Increased levels of ATG5-ATG12 and beclin1 in bortezomib-treated ovarian cancer cells suggested that bortezomib induced the initial steps of autophagy (Supplementary Figure 1).