As shown in Figure 2, infection with S. stercoralis in the context of active pulmonary TB was associated with significantly lower levels of MMP-1 (GM of 5.3 ng/ml in ATB vs. 3.9 ng/ml in ATB+Ss) and MMP-9 (GM of 646.4 ng/ml in ATB vs. 331.2 ng/ml in ATB+Ss) - when compared to Ss-uninfected individuals with active TB. Here, MMP9 is linked to tuberculosis.