In order to evaluate the clinical benefit of the MAGE-A3 vaccine as an adjuvant treatment in postoperative lung cancer, 182 patients with completely resected MAGE-A3 positive stage IB/II NSCLC were enrolled into randomized (2:1 ratio), double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase II trial (36). This evidence concerns the gene MAGEA3 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.