Importantly, when the therapeutic plasmid treatments were compared, we observed that pEEVGmCSF-b7.1-treated mice had significantly more splenic and tumour CD19+ cells (P<0.05) and significantly greater number of tumour DX5+/CD3− (P<0.001), F4/80+ (macrophages) (P<0.001) and CD8+ (P<0.001) cells than control pGT141GmCSF-b7.1-treated mice. The gene discussed is CD80; the disease is neoplasm.