Interestingly, MAPKs are critical downstream regulators of TLR pathways [15], [16] Although MAPK activation has been studied in inflammation-associated organ dysfunction [17], [18] and has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance [19], the involvement of TLR4-mediated MAPK phosphorylation in MetS-induced kidney dysfunction has been poorly understood. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and metabolic syndrome.