Similarly, many of other cytokine responses to TB antigens were also higher in the HHCs with LTBI contacts: Th1 cytokines IL-2 (p = <0.0001), TNFα (p = 0.0009); Th2 cytokines IL-5 (p = <0.0001), IL-13 (p = <0.0001); Th17 cytokines IL-17f (p = 0.05), IL-22 (p = 0.002). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and tuberculosis.