INS and diabetes mellitus: We divided the participants into subgroups based on glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%, 7% to 9%, and >9%), gender, duration of diabetes (<5, 5 to 10, 10 to 15, >15 years), and medication use (oral antidiabetics only versus insulin therapy plus oral antidiabetics) to search for further associations between these variables and vitamin D status.