On these bases, the aim of the present study was to analyze the serum levels of TRAIL in patients with celiac disease, studying a pediatric retrospective cohort, including patients with overt CD prior to and following 6–12 months on a gluten-free diet, patients with potential CD, patients with CD associated with other autoimmunities, and patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. The gene discussed is TNFSF10; the disease is Cowden disease.