For example, patients with severe influenza had significant up-regulation of TLR10, NFKBIA, IL1R2, SOCS3, IL4R, IL1R1, PROK1, ECE1, IFNAR1, MMP9, PPP1R10 and PPP2R2A whilepatients with moderate influenza shared similar antiviral and cytokine response with both those with severe (TLR2, TRL4, TLR5, TLR8, IL10RB, IL18RAP, IL18R1, MAPK13, MAPK14, FCGR1A and IRAK3) and with mild outcomes (TLR7, TICAM3, IL1RN, STAT1, SOCS1, JAK2, IRAK2, TNFAIP, CASP3, CCL2 and CCR1). The gene discussed is IL1RN; the disease is influenza.