TNF and Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure: Recently we found that generalized tonic-clonic seizures induced by the pro-convulsive agents pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and 4-aminopyrydine (4-AP), increased the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α in the rat hippocampus (unpublished results), and that sertraline prevented seizures and the epileptiform EEG activity induced by those pro-convulsive agents [25].