Malignant phenotypes of cancer cells, such as proliferation, survival, drug resistance, invasion and metastasis, are induced by miR-214 upregulation through repression of BIM, CADM1, ING4, PTEN, TFAP2C, and TP53 and also by miR-214 downregulation through de-repression of BCL2L2, ß-catenin, EZH2, FGFR1, GALNT7, HDGF, NRAS, TWIST1, UBE2I, and XBP1 (Figure 3D). This evidence concerns the gene FGFR1 and cancer.