In an analysis of 170 patients who underwent nephrectomy for RCC, markers related to the HIF and mTOR pathways were analyzed, and the expression of Ki-67, p53, endothelial VEGF receptor 1, epithelial VEGFR-1, and epithelial VEGF-D were independent predictors of disease-free survival.88 Here, VEGFD is linked to renal cell adenocarcinoma.