Recently, neutralizing autoantibodies against type 1 interferons (IFN) (IFN-α and IFN-ω) have been found to strictly correlate with AIRE deficiency, regardless of the genotype, thus leading to consider these autoantibodies as a precocious diagnostic tool for APS 1, even in the absence of the typical clinical picture or organ-specific autoantibodies [24, 25]. The gene discussed is IFNA1; the disease is autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1.