Although median CD4 counts at ART initiation were nearly identical across regimens (NVP: 100.5 cells/mm3; EFV: 98 cells/mm3), patients initiating EFV-based regimens were slightly older (median: 37.2 vs. 33.0), were more likely to be WHO stage III or IV (46.1% vs. 37.8%) and were somewhat more likely to have moderate or severe anaemia (48.3% vs. 43.3%) than patients who initiated a NVP-based regimen (Table 1). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia.