Two recent phase III trials examining bevacizumab (with chemotherapy) in theneoadjuvant setting demonstrated improved pathological complete response (pCR) (Bearet al, 2012; von Minckwitzet al, 2012a), and there are numerousneoadjuvant trials underway or completed in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with VEGFR TKIs such assunitinib (NCT00849186), axitinib (NCT01263769) and pazopanib (NCT01512186) (Bex & Haanen,2014). Here, KDR is linked to renal cell carcinoma.