First, there have been five failed phase III adjuvant trials with VEGFpathway inhibitors, including four with the VEGF neutralizing antibody bevacizumab (in combinationwith chemotherapy or an anti-HER2 antibody) in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) (AVANT and C-08) (deGramont et al, 2012) andtriple-negative and HER2+ breast carcinoma (BEATRICE and BETH, respectively)(Cameron et al, 2013), and one withthe VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)(Bruix et al, 2014). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and hepatocellular carcinoma.