Importantly, in the immunohistochemical study of UP tissues, we found that non-asthmatic patients with CRSwNP had a higher infiltrate of all kinds of innate immune cells in UP tissues than that of normal controls, whereas other cells except for MBP+ and CD11c+ cells were increased in UP tissues from CRSsNP compared to controls. Here, ITGAX is linked to chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps.