KRAS and colorectal carcinoma: KRAS: Oncogenic mutations affecting the RAS GTPase molecular on/off switch, have been closely associated with the development of sporadic CRC, in about 35%-45% of the cases and codon 12 and 13 are two hotspots, which account for about 95% of all mutation types, with approximately 80% occurring in codon 12 and 15% in codon 13 [77, 78].