Previous studies on middle ear sclerosis have found that the expression of TGF-β1 was significantly increased in both of the patients [26] with otitis media and the rat model of acute otitis media [27], which indicates that TGF-β1 plays an important role in the development and outcome of otitis media, the most possible cause of TS. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is Acute otitis media.