TSC1 and neoplasm: The major breakthrough in understanding the functions of TSC1 and TSC2 came with identifying that TSC2 binds TSC1 via its N-terminal domain and forms the TSC1/TSC2 tumor suppressor complex that acts as a negative regulator of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1), a key regulator of cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, and autophagy [9]–[11].