It is quite puzzling, however, that the pathogenic DQB1*06:02-associated anti-myelin autoimmunity that emerged from functional studies in HLA-Tg mice is not reflected by the extensive GWASs in MS, which determined the DRB1*15:01 as the major risk allele in MS without any significant association of DQB1*06:02 with MS risk. The gene discussed is HLA-DRB1; the disease is Autoimmunity.