In a mouse model of NAFLD, treatment with VSL#3, a probiotic food supplement, improved liver histology, reduced hepatic total fatty acid content, and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, which were associated with decreased hepatic expression of TNF-α mRNA and reduced activity of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) [62]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.