Nyeet al. demonstrated that TGFβ, in addition to controlling GLI1 expression, can also modulate its activity by promoting the formation of a transcriptional complex with the TGFβ-regulated transcription factors, SMAD2 and 4, and the histone acetyltransferase, PCAF, at theBCL2 promoter in cancer cells to regulate TGFβ-induced gene expression (Figure 1) (Nyeet al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene GLI1 and cancer.