Our findings have important implications in that TMEPAI, which contributes to the PTEN-dependent oncogenic activity of TGF-β, would be a suitable biomarker in distinguishing cancer in the early stages of development and provide clues for the development of a molecular target to treat TMEPAI positive cancers [16, 50, 51] including aggressive TNBC. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is cancer.