Studies in different lesion models such as ischemia and traumatic brain injury have shown increased production of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by glial cells (Touzani et al., 1999; Rothwell and Luheshi, 2000; Hwang et al., 2004; Madathil et al., 2010). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is ischemia.