Moreover, the results of mouse studies concerning the influence of MMPs on carcinogenesis make it possible to draw some additional conclusions: Mmp-1a modulates immune response to chemical carcinogens by polarization of a Th1/Th2 [119], Mmp-7 mediates tumor-induced osteolysis by solubilization of RANKL [79], and MT1-MMP may be able to increase TGF-β signaling [134]. This evidence concerns the gene MMP14 and neoplasm.