HIF-1α is also stabilized by a wide range of pathogens (Carroll et al., 2006; Darekar et al., 2012; McFarlane et al., 2011; Nakamura et al., 2009; Nasimuzzaman et al., 2007; Werth et al., 2010), and because infections can modulate several signalling pathways, HIF-1α stabilization might contribute to different metabolic outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Here, HIF1A is linked to infection.