HPSE and digestive system carcinoma: Similar results were obtained for pro-enzyme heparanase-1 (65 kDa), which demonstrated plasma expression of 17.01 ± 6.80 pixels/μg of total protein in the control group, whereas higher protein expression (23.33 ± 7.99 pixels/μg of total protein) was observed in the plasma of the gastrointestinal carcinoma patients (P = 0.002; Student’s t test), as shown in Table 1.