Altogether, our data demonstrate that the CERT- and vesicular-mediated Cer trafficking pathways can separately contribute to the control of sphingolipid metabolism and Cer levels in INS-1 cells, thus participating in regulating the accumulation of ER-associated Cer involved in the regulation of pancreatic β-cell function and death during type II diabetes [14], [20]. This evidence concerns the gene CERT1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.