Examples include the evaluation of a TLR3 ligand in influenza [24]; and human papillomavirus vaccines (HPV, [25]), a TLR5 ligand in influenza vaccine [26], [27], a TLR9 ligand in malaria vaccine [28], [29] and a TLR4 ligand in Hepatitis B virus vaccine [30]. This evidence concerns the gene TLR9 and influenza.