However, the association between polymorphisms of the ABCB1 and ABCC2 genes and anti-epileptic drug-resistant epilepsy is controversial; SNPs rs1128503 (C1236T), rs2032582 (G2677T/A), and especially rs1045642 (C3435T) in the ABCB1 gene have not shown a clear relationship to anti-epileptic drug-resistant epilepsy from different populations or ethnic groups (13, 24–27). Here, ABCC2 is linked to epilepsy.