Using a model of oral Candida infection in transgenic (Tg) mice expressing HIV-1 in CD4+ T-cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages, which closely mimics the clinical and pathological features of candidal infection in human HIV infection [39], we have previously shown that altered CD4+ T-cell phenotype and function determine susceptibility to chronic carriage of C. albicans in these Tg mice [40,41]. Here, CD4 is linked to candidiasis.