In particular, interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is indispensable for antiviral actions against certain viruses, including newcastle disease virus (NDV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) [8,15,27], and this molecule is dramatically upregulated upon viral infection, treatment with double-stranded RNA, IFN stimulation, or treatment with other cytokines in a variety of cell types [27,28,29,30]. This evidence concerns the gene IRF1 and viral infectious disease.