CSF1R and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Considering the above, it comes as no surprise that, in the same mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, M-CSFR signaling blockade using PLX3397 or GW2580 was shown to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of so-called T-cell checkpoint immunotherapy using PD1 and CTLA4 antagonists in combination with gemcitabine (114).