Since this study, several pre-malignant and malignant tissues have been shown to express COX2 at relatively early time points of tumorigenesis and several pro-tumorigenic functions have been ascribed to COX2 including the promotion of tumor-mediated angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and the generation of the epidermal growth factor receptor ligand, amphiregulin (37). Here, PTGS2 is linked to neoplasm.