While IFN-γ is a rapid inducer of IDO expression in many cell types, studies are now demonstrating that the loss of TβRIII in a TGF-βhi tumor microenvironment promotes durable IDO expression by pDCs while the upregulation of the Wnt5a oncogene results in durable IDO expression by mDC populations (Figures 2C,D). The gene discussed is IDO1; the disease is neoplasm.