Peripheral nerve injury produced a transient increase in BSCB permeability. Such event did not occur when lidocaine was administrated at the site of the injury. Increases in the BSCB permeability also occurred after electrical stimulation of the sciatic nerve at intensity sufficient to activate C-fibers but not A-fibers and after application of capsaicin to the nerve. It suggests that the increase of BSCB permeability is driven by activation of TRPV1-expressing primary sensory neurons. Here, TRPV1 is linked to peripheral nerve injury.