IL1B and Alzheimer disease: Though glial cells are neuroprotective, their over expression or sustained stimulation can result in enhanced production of cytokines (e.g., IL-1β and TNF-α) (Sawada et al., 1989; Dong and Benveniste, 2001; Hanisch, 2002) resulting in severe neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and subsequent cognitive dysfunction and psychiatric diseases, such as AD.