Altogether our results show that RANKL/OPG ratio (a more useful indicator of effectively available RANKL) in BOKL co-culture BMSCs is 7 fold increased (Figure 1B) relative to control, and significantly higher (p < 0.01) than all other conditions, where no increase was found, demonstrating that direct, specific contact between tumor and bone cells can modify RANKL/OPG ratio. Here, TNFSF11 is linked to neoplasm.