INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In the regulation of plasma glucose concentration, the process of Akt recruiting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell membrane is one of the most important events in the response of fat and muscle cells to insulin; active GLUT4 in the cell membrane is responsible for high-efficiency glucose uptake, and aberration of this mechanism is a critical component of insulin-resistance, the underlying pathology of type 2 diabetes (T2D) [6].